Annapoorna

A seductive younger sister who tries to sabotage the marriage of her conservative older sister by going on a bachelorette road trip while being chaperoned by their reluctant grandmother.

In Buchivolu village, Sarpanch Kodandam's son Gopal threatens to jump off a water tank for his crush Surekha. With his image and career at stake, Kodandam appoints SI Vamshi to find Surekha, who is missing.

Childhood buddies Renuka and Ginna reunite after years of separation, but things are no longer the same. Will Ginna be able to navigate his way through the complex web of love, lies and lethal rivalries?

7.8/10

F3: Fun and Frustration is an upcoming Indian Telugu-language comedy drama film written and directed by Anil Ravipudi. It is a sequel to the 2019 film F2: Fun and Frustration.

Annapurna's son is Pranay who married Amrutha but was killed by Amrutha's father due to Pranay's caste. After 12 years, Amrutha also dies of depression and sends her son to Pranay's mother, Annapurna.

A story of two contrasting individuals — a wealthy youngster who loves to live life partying and wooing women, without a care in the world for anything else, and a pregnant woman who loses her husband and is struggling in life. The two of them get stuck in a lift for several hours, turning both their lives upside down.

A love triangle which revolves around a rich engineering student, Ajay, a violinist Anjali, whose strict mother despises rich people, and a sexy fashion designing student Anupama. What follows is a saga of lust and love among these three individuals.

2.9/10

Found frozen and brain-dead in Ladakh, Vasu is brought back to life but with no memories of who he was, until he starts to regain his past and piece it together to find the people responsible for his murder.

6.4/10

Tenali Ramakrishna is a small-time lawyer who makes his living via compromises between warring parties. He is looking for a big case that could turn his life.

5/10

Rishi Kumar is a billionaire and the CEO of Origins, someone who has always strived for the success he now owns. His friend Ravi needs help, how will he come through?

7.3/10

After Venky, Varun also gets married thinking he can keep the wife in control but both of them gets frustrated with the marital life which generates fun.

6.2/10

Abhi wants to make a feature film with an antagonist as his lead and finds the perfect muse in the ruthless Gaddalakonda Ganesh. How he finally manages to make his debut forms the crux of the tale.

6.6/10

Chantigadu and Pandugadu are two good-for-nothing moral-less individuals who love to make life a living hell for everyone in their village, especially the women. But their life changes once Venkatalakshmi comes to their village.

4.5/10

A carefree young man is forced to alter his life due to a shocking event that takes place in his life. He fights against an evil, corrupt politician to get justice for the society.

4.5/10

Paper Boy movie is a romantic entertainer directed by Jayashankarr and produced by Sampath Nandi while Bheems Ceciroleo scored music for this movie Santosh Shoban, Priya Shri, and Tanya Hope are playing the main lead roles in this movie.

6.6/10

Vijay Govind, a young college lecturer who dreams of marriage falls for Geetha, a level-headed woman who's wary of strangers and isn't easy to convince. While things seem to go smoothly, Vijay makes a terrible mistake which not only derails any hope for his love story, but also potential repercussions with his family.

7.7/10

The film highlights the sacred bond with another human being through nuptial rituals and the sanctity of the institution of marriage.

6/10

Raja is a blind man who's trained by his head constable mother to use his disability to his advantage. Lucky is the pampered daughter of a police officer and they're each other's whole world. What happens when Lucky's world is shaken by a goon Deva? How does Raja fit into this picture?

6.6/10

Three friends — Ashwin, Kishore and Praveen get into business by purchasing a resort. Pretty soon, they find that they've got more than what they've bargained for. Apparently, the resort is haunted by a ghost. Unwilling to sell the resort, they seek the help of a mentalist, Rudra, to exorcise the ghost.

5.3/10

A happy-go-lucky boy falls in love with a village belle and after initially facing rejection from her, realises that he has a lot to do to win her love.

5.7/10

Only one man can stop a villain who, backed by his father, brutally murders anyone who gets in the way of his unscrupulous real estate deals.

6.4/10

The love affair, conspired by creation, between Anasuya Ramalingam and Aanand Vihari.

6.8/10

A visual effects artist gets possessed by an evil spirit and tries to get rid of it until he meets another innocent soul possessed by spirits.

7.5/10

Singham 123 is a spoof action comedy starring Sampoornesh Babu playing the role of a "Sensational", "Seductive", "Supercop". Set in the backdrop of a village called Singarayakonda which is ruled by a self proclaimed king and mafia-lord, Lingham. He fancies himself as the destructive force and an archenemy of Law and Order. After several failed attempts by Indian Police throughout the decade, Singham123 is assigned the mission impossible: to arrest Lingham. Will Singham 123 be successful in completing the mission?

4.9/10

Rambabu (Venkatesh) is a self-made man and a cable operator in a small village near Vijayanagaram. He has a wife (Meena) and two daughters. His elder daughter’s nude shots are secretly captured by an youngster when she attends a nature camp. When he blackmails daughter and mother, he is accidentally killed by them. Rambabu comes to know about the issue and assures that he will save his family against possible imprisonment. Rest of the story is about how he creates a plan, executes it and saves his family.

8.2/10

A carefree young man leading an aimless life falls in love with a cultured and simple woman, but she does not reciprocate his emotion. However, when circumstances force her to marry him, he embarks upon a journey to make his wife fall in love with him. Will he succeed in his mission?

6.1/10

Emo Gurram Egaravachu is a 2013 Telugu romantic comedy directed by Chandra Siddhartha. It is also known by its abbreviation EGE. It features Sumanth and Pinky Sawika Chaiyadech in the lead roles.

5.6/10

London-born Madhu (Kunkum) comes to India to settle down here. With the help of her relatives, she manages to uprise her house. Dawood (Jaya Prakash Reddy) appoints Srikanth to follow Madhu. Meanwhile, her grandfather (Kota Srinivas Rao) plans to kill Madhu by kshudra Pooja. Due to which Madhu faces hard time in her home. As she doesn’t believe in these kind of incidents, she meets up with a psychiatrist (Rao Ramesh) where she finds out some interesting facts about the incidents happening around her. Will Srikanth help her? Who is Dawood? Why did Madhu’s Grandfather plan to kill her forms the rest of the storyline.

Chinna (Vishnu) is a very witty and resourceful person who knows how to get things done. As kids, Chinna and Piccheshwar (Vennela Kishore) have a tiff and Piccheshwar leaves the village in a huff. Piccheshwar’s outraged grandfather (Kota Srinivasa Rao) orders the execution of Chinna’s family, forcing them to flee as well. As the years go by, Chinna grows into a tall and fearless young fellow. He applies for a job as a journalist and he is sent on an assignment by his boss Avatar (Posani). The assignment is to conduct a sting operation on Minister Dilleeswara Rao (Pankaj Tripathi). Chinna succeeds in capturing incriminating footage, but he is caught and thrashed by the minister’s goons.

6.7/10

A boy is adopted by his grandfather after his parents are murdered. He grows up to be an actor to honor a promise to his dying grandfather that he would perform in a play in his native village. The performance leads him to his parents' murderers.

6.9/10

Sivaram (Rajasekhar), a lawyer is the son of a magistrate (Chalapati Rao) and the brother of an ACP (Benarjee). Sivaram accepts a case and gets the son of an MLA punished after an innocent girl pleads with him about the innocence of her brother. Sivaram loses his heart for that girl, but Sivaram"s parents do not allow their marriage. She commits 'suicide". After that incident, Sivaram gives up his practice and becomes a drunkard.At this juncture, Parvati (Bhumika) whose life is under threat calls up Sivaram for help. Sivaram saves her and takes her to his home. Soon her father (Vijaykumar) returns from the US after a surgery. By that time, some others kidnap Parvati from Sivaram. Sivaram soon realizes that Parvati, who trusted Praveen as her saviour was himself the villain. Sivaram decides to save Parvati and catch the real culprit.

6.8/10

Directed by Dr Rao, Starring Prudhvi, Anju Asrani, Ali, AVS, Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao, Annapurna, Bollimunta

A subtle interplay between clashing ideologies: that of traditional religious values versus modern youth drawn towards extremism. Events overtake Subbaiah Sastry, a highly respected vedic and scholar in his prime now scraping out a meagre existence as a corpse carrier. He endures the contempt of his Hyderabad neighbours due to his acceptance of Tiladaanam, a lowly Brahammic rite involving the acceptance of the sins of the dead in exchange for coins and the food of the deceased. His son, Raghuram, has become a terrorist hunted by the police, at odds with his father. A stark contrast is provided between an outdated system and as yet undefined future. - Melbourne International Film Festival

6.8/10

Two strangers meet at a suicide point and help each other die. But they are saved and go their separate ways. Both are set to get married but they flee from their respective homes at the last moment.

6.4/10

Kouravudu is a 2000 Telugu movie starring Nagendra Babu and Ramya Krishnan.

5.8/10

Three girls, Shravani, Lahari and Aliveni, are in love with Shanti Swaroop, a lecturer. His life takes a turn when these girls execute different ways to woo him.

4.1/10

Nuvve Kavali (Telugu: నువ్వే కావాలి) (English translation I Want Only You) is a 2000 blockbuster Telugu film under Ushakiron Movies, directed by K. Vijaya Bhaskar of Swayamvaram fame. Tarun and Richa Pallod debuted with this film. In many ways the film became a catalyst for new trends in Tollywood. This movie was a remake of Malayalam Blockbuster Niram.

7.5/10

Raghaviah (K. Vishwanath) and Ram Mohan Rao (Ranganath) are brothers-in-law. But Ram Mohan Rao is at loggerhead with Raghavaiah because of a family feud. Raghavaiah is nearing his 60's and it's time for his Shastipoorti ceremony. It's time for gathering, folks!

7.3/10

A love story set in a rural backdrop between a poor village boy, Suri, and a rich upper class girl, Divya, much to the opposition of the latter's violent brother who will go to any length to end it

6.2/10

Raja is a Telugu movie starring Venkatesh, Soundarya

7.5/10

Shankar decides to go to Dubai to earn money, but his mother and cousin wants him to study. His mother takes a loan and sends the money to Shankar. Will Shankar be able to fulfill his mother's dreams?

Pedda Annayya is a 1997 Telugu film directed by Sharath. The film stars Balakrishna, Roja Selvamani, Indraja and Kota Srinivasan Rao in lead roles.

7.6/10

Muddula Mogudu is a 1997 Telugu drama film produced by K. Nageswara Rao under the Ramaa films banner, presented by Kaikala Satyanayana and directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy. It stars Nandamuri Balakrishna, Meena, Ravali in the lead roles and music composed by Koti.

7.1/10

Oka Chinna Maata is a story revolving around two individuals- Chandu, who is a fitness trainer, and Geeta, a music teacher. When Chandu proposes marriage to Geeta, she refuses, citing her past. Things take a turn when both get to know that their pasts are closely connected. The story line was inspired by Charana Daasi (1956), which is based on Rabindranath Tagore's 1906 novel Noukadubi.

Balakrishna acts as a Devudu who is from very small village and impress the Madhavi with his honest. Pundarikakshiyah is bad politician tries win election with the help of his daughter.

5.7/10

Pelli Chesukundham is a Family based movie in which, Venkatesh is a broad minded and a company owner. Soundary working for some local company, accedently she watches a murder done by a city villan. She comes forward as witness for the murder. So the villan rapes her and when her family comes to know this, they throw her out of their house. venkatesh responds to this and gives shelter in his house and helps her to forget the incident. For some instants Venkatesh starts loving her, and Soundary too. But Laila, who is relative of venkatesh comes there and she is in love with him and both parents wants them to get married. The rest of the story is whom will venkatesh marry and how

6.7/10

Pavithra Bandham is a 1996 Telugu film directed by Muthyala Subbayya. The film stars Venkatesh, Soundarya, S P Balasubramaniam and Subhalekha Sudhakar in lead roles.

7/10

Manju is an outspoken woman. She lives with her father, who tries to socially reform people. Belonging to a middle class family, she cannot provide a dowry for potential grooms. One day, Manju comes across an innovative advertisement where a groom is looking for a bride without any dowry. His family shocks Manju's father, but she is determined to make a life with them. Will she succeed?

Sogasu Chooda Taramaa is a 1995 Telugu romance film directed by Gunasekhar. The film stars Naresh and Indraja along with Tanikella Bharani and others. The film was a box office hit while Naresh received Nandi Award for Best Actor. The film is a remake of 1993 Hollywood film Indecent Proposal.

6.3/10

A lazy, alcoholic youngster is thrown out of his village at a very young age by his mother for disobeying her orders. He meets a journalist who urges him to mete out justice to those in need of it.

Bangaru Bullodu

7.4/10

A Tantric believes that by donating a virgin woman's head to gods crown, would bring down the universe to his feet. How the hero and heroine gets entangled in the underworld nexus, while rescuing the robbery, forms the crux of the plot.

6.7/10

Durga is in love with Anith; he is all set to marry her and settle down in life. But things change when his brother Mohanakrishna is killed by a rival gang supported by Gurunarayana, the local MLA. Durga wants to settle the scores with the rival gand and in turn becomes a gangster. But Anitha does not approve of his ways and leaves him to marry a cop. Their paths cross again when the cop is posted to the same city where Durga is a leading gangster.

7.3/10

Film starring Annapoorna, Mohan Babu and Divya Bharti

5.9/10

Appula Appa Rao is an Indian 1991 Telugu-language film directed by E.V.V. Satyanarayana which features Rajendra Prasad, Shobana and Brahmanandam in the lead roles. Appula Apparao is scripted and directed by E.V.V under the banner of Prasad Studios, Chennai and produced by E.V.V. Satyanarayana.

7.2/10

Akkineni Nagarjuna plays the role of a sincere Cop, Vamsi Krishna, who is sent undercover along with two other cops. Of which one cop is a close friend and associate to Vamsi played by Subhalekha Sudhakar, by Police Commissioner played by Giri Babu to track down a vicious and dangerous criminal named Raghuram played by Murali Mohan. Vamsi performs surveillance on Raghuram's daughter Geetha played by Amala, by getting into Geeta's opposite building's flat in a Residential complex, to gather details and whereabouts of her criminal father. Geeta lives with her aunt played by Sukumari. When Vamsi in guise of a telephone department inspector, pursues her and falls in love with Geetha, she reciprocates Vamsi's love interest initially but refuses him after she gets to know the truth that he's a Cop and is about to drag her father to prison.

6.9/10

Shanti Kranti is a 1991 Indian Multilingual film written, produced and directed by V. Ravichandran on his Eshwari Productions banner. The film starred himself in lead role with Juhi Chawla and Anant Nag in supporting roles. The film was simultaneously shot in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi.

6.8/10

Two friends, Ambalavanan and Chandrashekar, have very different perspectives on life. While one thrives amidst his loving family, the other believes that everything revolves around money.

7.9/10

A man reforms the mind of his former ladylove, who neglects her husband by getting preoccupied with his memories.

Jaani runs a small time restaurant/casino with his partner Bhillu. One fine day he helps two women stuck with their broken car and gives them a drive. Utpala succeeds in an interview, by remembering jaani's answer and gets a job as nurse in an hospital.Jaani and his partner also help Radha to get a job by blocking the competitor.One day, Naga babu discovers cocaine in an egg in his kitchen.

7.5/10

Chittibabu (Chiranjeevi) and Bhanupriya are small-time thieves who are fighting with each other. Sathyanarayana and Gollapudi are CBI officers who are investigating Kannada Prabhakar (KP) and his activities in his secret forest hideout with the help of a secret agent. When the agent gets killed, they suspect infiltrators in their agency and make Chiru as the decoy agent so that their actual agent can get the info. The villains, thinking that Chiru is a CBI agent try to kill him and create problems for him, which he doesn't understand and he gets involved in a murder case to be rescued by a beautiful girl (Radha). He later comes to know of the confusion on him from the officers and refuses to help them. But when he comes to know that Radha is the actual agent and is the daughter of Satyanarayana trying to bring criminals to justice, he feels responsible for the country and joins hands with them in eliminating the threat posed by KP's organization.

7.2/10

Rama Krishna, a salesman in a company, marries a woman by lying, it deals with the drama that follows.

7.3/10

Pursha is searching for his mother. He meets JK, who has the information on his mother but he first wants Pursha to finish off his rivals. In his quest, he meets Sumatri and then comes up with a plan.

7.3/10

Vikram is a 1986 Telugu film directed by V. Madhusudhana Rao, produced by Akkineni Venkat under the Annapurna Studios banner. Akkineni Nagarjuna and Sobhana played the lead roles and the music was composed by Chakravarthy. The film was a remake of the Hindi film Hero (1983) and it is the first debut of Akkineni Nagarjuna as a hero. The film was recorded as a Hit at the box office.

7.1/10

Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnulu is a 1986 Indian Telugu-language comedy film, directed and written by A. Kodandarami Reddy. It stars Kamal Haasan, Sridevi in the lead roles, with music composed by Ilaiyaraaja. It was inspired by the novel Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnulu by Yandamoori Veerendranath.

6.8/10

Chanakya Shapadham is action oriented movie in which, Chanakya (Chiranjeevi), a Customs officer at airport is the son of a Military Major (Kaikala Satyanarayana) who is about to be awarded Padmasree for his services. Chanakya catches the smuggling ring of Raogopal rao and in retaliation they prove that Chanakya

5.6/10

Chattam Tho Poratam is action crime based movie in which, Ravi (Chiranjeevi), who is the son of a struggling middle class farmer Dharmarao. He loves his cousin kalyani very much, but his another cousin Bujji is also after her.Bujji tries every possible method to marry kalyani. Bujji

6.3/10

Jwala is action drama based movie in which, Chiranjeevi played dual roles in this movie as brothers Raju (chiru) and Yuvaraj (chiru) are brothers and sons of SP Chakravarthi. Sarvothama Rao and his son are indulged in smuggling and other illegal activities.During an attempt to catch their sumggled goods, one of their main henchmen is shot dead by Chakravarthi. Sarvottama rao plans to take revenge on chakravarti by trapping his son. Yuvaraj is already in love with with Bhanupriya. Meanwhile, Raju saves an innocent girl Janaki (radhika), from the clutches of those smugglers and marries her.Sarvothama Rao kills Basawaraj and traps Raju into this murder. Raju, unable to prove his innocence, is sentenced to death. Chakravarthi tries to prove his son

5.8/10

Puli is action oriented movie in which, Kranthi (Chiranjeevi), an honest police officer who is deputed to the special branch. He has a sister named Lakshmi. Inspector Syam is a corrupt officer and works for Smuggler JK . One day,Syam causes an accident and as a result of which Radha, Kranthi’s fiancee, loses her eye sight and her brother gets killed in the accident. Kranthi goes on hunt and catches corrupt inspector Syam and his associate James. meanwhile, JK Kidnaps Radha and Lakshmi. Rest of the movie is all about how all ends well.

6.7/10

Illale Devatha (transl. Wife is a Goddess) is a 1985 Telugu-language drama film, produced by N. R. Anuradha Devi under the Lakshmi Films Combines banner and directed by Tatineni Prasad. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Raadhika, Bhanupriya and music composed by Chakravarthy. The film is a remake of Singeetam Srinivasa Rao's debut Kannada film Haalu Jenu (1982).

Raktha Sindhuram is action drama based movie in which, Chiranjeevi played dual role as jailer and khaidi. Gopi(Chiranjeevi) is a conscientious sub jailor. One fine day he is tricked by Rekha (Radha) who had already fooled police officers thrice. Rekha thinks that it was easy to fool police officers, but with an intelligent trick gopi wins the love of Rekha.meanwhile, Gandragoddali (Chiranjeevi) was sentenced to be hanged for murder.He meets gopi in jail and asks Gopi to go to his village and save a bonded labour from the clutches of the money lender without causing any harm to the money lender.But, Gopi had to kill the money lender to free the bonded labour. Now,Gandrogoddali argues in court that he had done the same thing as Gopi and if gopi is free then he has to be free too and expresses his desire to be set free.

Donga is action drama based movie in which, Phani (Chiranjeevi) who commits thefts just to help the poor. He loves Kodandaramayya’s daughter Manju Latha (Radha). But seeks revenge against Kodandaramayya for killing his father. He also wants his sister Malathi to get married to Rajesh, son of Anjaneyulu. But he needs Rs.50,000 for dowry. At the same time Vishwanatham, an income tax officer, also wants to perform his sister Rekha’s marriage with Rajesh. But,Phani succeeds with the help of the police in liquidating the gang of Kodandaramayya and has his revenge.

7.2/10

Chiranjeevi is a action thriller based movie in which, Chiranjeevi (Chiranjeevi) is the son of a sincere Police S.P (Sathyanarayana). Chiru

7.8/10

Inti Guttu is family based movie in which, VijayKumar (Chiranjeevi), who helps his lover in saving her father. Chakrapani (rao Gopalrao), who is already married to yashoda (annapurna), trying to remarry kantam. On opposing his marriage, his wife yashoda and kid daughter (nalini) are forcefully drowned by chakrapani. But, they are saved and they live far away from chakrapani’s life. Nalini, after growing up, joins her father chakrapani as his PA. Her father never knows her true identity. He is already under assumption that his wife and elder daughter are dead and is living with his second daughter Suhasini. Suhasini is in love with Chandramohan.

7.2/10

Devantakudu movie is a murder mystery. In which, chiranjeevi is a college student who is daring and dashing and has a weakness for betting and challenges.Narayana Rao is chiru’s friend in the same college and once he challenges chiru to kill a person and escape without being caught and without proof and this person is a professor.Chiru takes it lightly and tries to play away by acting as if he killed the professor but he is really killed by the time he reaches there and he is accused of he murder.The rest of the movie forms on how he frees himself from the blame and who killed the professor and why?

5.1/10

Goonda is action oriented movie in which, Crime king Kalidas (Chiranjeevi), one fine day, Kalidas tries to running away in his Jeep with his god father, and unexpectedly their jeep meets with an accident.After accident, a tranformed kalidas decides to live as a normal man under the new name of Raja.He meets his father ananda rao and his family. His childhood friend and neighbour Jaya (radha) comes back into his new found life.Anandrao attempts to stop the rice smuggling by Dharmayya and Kailasam. They both trap Raja into a case and Raja goes to jail.Later, when raja learns that dharmayya and kailasam are planning big,he escapes from jail and saves a train from being Bombed by Dharmaraja and kailasam, and in the end again surrenders himself to the police.

6.9/10

Rayudu is a wicked man who wants to be the village chief. When he falsely accuses Brahmanna, the village head, of having an illicit affair with a woman named Susheela, Brahmanna proves him wrong.

5.9/10

Rustum is a 1984 Telugu film directed by Kodandarami Reddy. The film stars Chiranjeevi, Urvashi, Raogopal Rao and Nutan Prasad in lead roles.

7.2/10

Maga Maharaju is a family oriented movie in which, Raju (Chiranjeevi) is an unemployed youth. Raju has too many responsibilities and commitments from his family. His unmarried sister and sick parents expect a lot from him. Under these conditions, Raju meets a young girl, Suhasini from a well to do family. She falls in love with him. Raju, in order to earn money, rides a bicycle, day and night nonstop for a record number of days and tries to collect money as donations from public.

6.9/10

Sangharshana movie deals with the struggle between a rich father and his well educated foreign returned son.Chiranjeevi played a role of Dilip, who is educated in united states and returns to india after a long time. His father janardhan rao runs a factory and wants his son to take over his business. Meanwhile dilip meets rekha (vijayasanthi) and they both fall in love with each other. After a couple of days, one day dilpi realizes that his father is a smuggler, who runs his dark business under the mask of his factory. He senses the danger and refuses to takeover his father’s position and joins the same factory as a labour. He rises to union leader’s position and revolts against his father. Rest of the movie is about how all ends well.

7.2/10

Aalaya Sikharam is a family oriented movie in which, Chiranjeevi Plays a Horse-cab driver role in this movie. He is the second son of Gollapudi, who is jobless and sells everything possible for gambling. Ranganath is chiru’s elder brother, who is the only educated person in the family. Chiru works hard to see his brother in a good position after studies, But Ranganath ditches his family and joins Satyanarayana’s factory and woos him to become his son-in-law.

Intlo Ramayya Veedhilo Krishnayya is comedy romance based movie in which, Chiru plays a sought of mild and sober guy, who falls in love with Madhavi and gets married to her. Madhavi is an arrogant girl with an attitude of, always winning over others, by hook or crook. In an unexpected situation chiranjeevi happens to rescue Purnima who attempts for a suicide.

7.6/10

Telugu movie made in 1980

7.8/10

A son, after coming to know that his father is an evil personified, eliminates him with his own hands.

5.4/10

A quirky tale about divorce and remarriage

A housewife enters into an extra-marital relationship and almost gets caught red-handed by her cop-husbandand her relatives.